A resistor is a passive electronic component that restricts the flow of electric current. It is commonly used to control the amount of current in a circuit, divide voltages, and provide load resistance.

A Light Emitting Diode (LED) with two pins, typically used for indicating power or status in electronic circuits. The red color signifies a specific function or alert.

A pushbutton is a momentary mechanical switch that can be pressed down to make or break an electrical connection. It is commonly used as a user input device in electronic circuits.

A trimmer potentiometer, also known as a trim pot, is a small variable resistor that can be adjusted with a screwdriver or similar tool. It is often used for fine-tuning or calibration purposes in electronic circuits.

A ceramic capacitor is a type of capacitor that uses a ceramic material as the dielectric. It is commonly used in high-frequency and low-impedance applications.

An electrolytic capacitor is a type of capacitor that uses an electrolyte as one of its plates to achieve a large capacitance. It is commonly used in audio and power supply circuits.

A 9V battery is a type of primary battery commonly used in low voltage devices such as smoke detectors, portable radios, and guitar effects pedals. It provides a compact and reliable power source for electronic devices that require a 9V power supply.

The Arduino UNO is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P. It has 14 digital input/output pins, 6 analog inputs, a 16MHz quartz crystal oscillator, and a USB connection for programming and communication. It is widely used for beginner-friendly projects and prototyping.

The ESP32 (30 pin) is a powerful microcontroller and Wi-Fi module that is commonly used in IoT projects. It features a dual-core processor, built-in Wi-Fi and Bluetooth capabilities, and a rich set of peripherals making it ideal for a wide range of applications.

A servo is a type of motor that is capable of precise control of angular or linear position, velocity, and acceleration. It consists of a small DC motor, a gearbox, and a control circuitry. The control circuitry allows the servo to be accurately positioned to a specific angle using a control signal, typically a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signal.

An NPN transistor is a three-terminal semiconductor device commonly used for amplification and switching purposes. The terminals are labeled as Emitter (E), Base (B), and Collector (C), respectively. In an NPN transistor, current flows from the collector to the emitter when a small current is applied to the base.

A diode is an electronic component that allows current to flow in only one direction. It is commonly used to protect other components from reverse voltage.

A photodiode is a semiconductor device that converts light into an electrical current. It is commonly used in applications such as light sensors and optical communications. When light hits the photodiode, it generates a current that is proportional to the intensity of the light.

The soil moisture sensor is used to measure the moisture level in soil. It typically consists of two metal probes that are inserted into the soil. The sensor outputs a signal indicating the soil moisture level.

The HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor is a distance measuring sensor that uses ultrasonic waves to determine the distance to an object. It consists of a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter emits ultrasonic waves, which bounce off objects and return to the receiver. By measuring the time it takes for the waves to return, the sensor can calculate the distance.